San Marino

Geographically the third-smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member.  San Marino is negotiating an Association Agreement that is expected to allow participation in the EU’s internal market and cooperation in other policy areas by late 2024. Social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

43 46 N, 12 25 E

occasional earthquakes

about one-third the size of Washington, D.C.

air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands; water shortage

Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling

Signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

0 km (landlocked)

Total: 37 km

Border countries (1): Italy 37 km

none (landlocked)

building stone

landlocked; an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains

rugged mountains

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Europe

0 sq km (2022)

Highest point: Monte Titano 739 m

Lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m

Total : 61 sq km

Land: 61 sq km

Water: 0 sq km

Agricultural land: 38.3% (2023 est.)

Arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.)

Permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.)

Permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)

Forest: 16.7% (2023 est.)

Other: 45% (2023 est.)

0-14 years: 14.2% (male 2,614/female 2,387)

15-64 years: 64.3% (male 10,916/female 11,648)

65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 3,414/female 4,116)

At birth: 1.09 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female

Total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)

Adjective: Sammarinese

Total: 16 years (2015 est.)

Male: 15 years (2015 est.)

Female: 16 years (2015 est.)

Urban population: 97.8% of total population (2023)

Rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

4,000 SAN MARINO (2018)

4.63 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Sammarinese, Italian

Roman Catholic

Italian

Major-language sample(s):
L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

8% of GDP (2021)

29.5% of national budget (2022 est.)

Total dependency ratio: 55.5 (2024 est.)

Youth dependency ratio: 22.2 (2024 est.)

Elderly dependency ratio: 33.4 (2024 est.)

Potential support ratio: 3 (2024 est.)

Improved:

Total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved:

Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Improved:

Total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved:

Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

31.9 years (2019)

0.74 (2024 est.)

47.7% (2023 est.)

5.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Total: 46.1 years (2024 est.)

Male: 44.5 years

Female: 47.4 years

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

1.54 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Total: 35,095 (2024 est.)

Male: 16,944

Female: 18,151

Total: 6.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

Male: 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Female: 5 deaths/1,000 live births

8.9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Total population: 84.2 years (2024 est.)

Male: 81.7 years

Female: 87 years

0.57% (2024 est.)

Total population: 99.9% (2022 est.)

Male: 99.9% (2022 est.)

Female: 99.9% (2022 est.)

2.9% of GDP (2022 est.)

13% national budget (2023 est.)

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 17,200 tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 45.1% (2016 est.)

9.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Embassy: The United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate General in Florence maintains day-to-day ties

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Name: San Marino (city)

Geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E

Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Etymology: Named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century

History: San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974

Amendment process: Proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum

Chief of state: Co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Matteo ROSSI and Lorenzo BUGLI (for the period 1 October 2025 - 31 March 2026)

Head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)

Cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council

Election/appointment process: Co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term

Most recent election date: co-chiefs of state: 1 April 2025

secretary of state: 28 December 2019

Election results:
2025: Denise BRONZETTI (Reformist Alliance) and Italo RIGHI (Christian Democrat) elected captains regent: percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA

2024: Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA

2019: Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA

Expected date of next election: co-chiefs of state: September 2025

Note: The captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has seven other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are seven secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

Description: Two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue, with the national coat of arms in the center; the main colors come from the shield on the coat of arms, which features three white towers on mountain peaks on a blue field; a wreath and a crown are around the shield, above a scroll with the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

Meaning: The towers represent the Guaita, Cesta, and Montale castles on Mount Titano; white and blue are said to stand for peace and liberty

3 September 301 (traditional founding date)

Highest court(s): Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members)

Judge selection and term of office: Judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms

Subordinate courts: First instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

Note: The College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court

civil law system with Italian civil law influences

Legislature name: Great and General Council (Consiglio grande e generale)

Legislative structure: Unicameral

Number of seats: 60 (all directly elected)

Electoral system: Proportional representation

Scope of elections: Full renewal

Term in office: 5 years

Most recent election date: 6/9/2024

Parties elected and seats per party: Christian Democratic Party of San Marino (PDCS) (22); Free (Libera) – Socialist Party (PS) (10); Future Republic (RF) (8); Party of Socialists and Democrats (PSD) (8); Tomorrow - Motus Liberi (5); Reformist Alliance (AR) (4); R.E.T.E. Citizens' Movement (3)

Percentage of women in chamber: 35%

Expected date of next election: June 2029

CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

Founding of the Republic (or Feast of Saint Marinus), 3 September (A.D. 301)

Domani - Modus Liberi or DML 
Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera 
Future Republic or RF 
Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD 
Reformist Alliance or AR 
RETE Movement 
Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS 
Socialist Party or PS 
Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)

18 years of age; universal

parliamentary republic

Conventional long form: Republic of San Marino

Conventional short form: San Marino

Local long form: Repubblica di San Marino

Local short form: San Marino

Etymology: Named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century

Chief of mission: Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN

Chancery: 327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022

Telephone: [1] (212) 751-1234

FAX: [1] (212) 751-1436

Email address and website:
Sanmarinoun@gmail.com

Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations

Title: "Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)

Lyrics/music: No lyrics/Federico CONSOLO

History: Adopted 1894; the music for the anthem, which has no lyrics, is based on a 10th-century chorale piece

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

three peaks, each displaying a tower

Citizenship by birth: No

Citizenship by descent only: At least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino

Dual citizenship recognized: No

Residency requirement for naturalization: 30 years

Total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural)

Selected World Heritage Site locales: San Marino Historic Center and Mount Titano

white, blue

washing and bottling machines, other foods, packaged medicine, woodworking machines, aircraft (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Revenues: $841.03 million (2023 est.)

Expenditures: $816.886 million (2023 est.)

note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

garments, cars, electricity, animal food, footwear (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

euros (EUR) per US dollar -

Exchange rates:
0.924 (2024 est.)
0.925 (2023 est.)
0.951 (2022 est.)
0.845 (2021 est.)
0.877 (2020 est.)

Note: While not an EU member state, San Marino, due to its preexisting monetary and banking agreements with Italy, has a 2000 monetary agreement with the EU to produce limited euro coinage—but not banknotes—that began enforcement in January 2002 and was superseded by a new EU agreement in 2012

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

high-income, non-EU European economy; surrounded by Italy, which is the dominant importer and exporter; open border to EU and a euro user; strong financial sector; high foreign investments; low taxation; increasingly high and risky debt

$1.832 billion (2022 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Household consumption: 35.5% (2022 est.)

Government consumption: 17.1% (2022 est.)

Investment in fixed capital: 17.8% (2022 est.)

Investment in inventories: 5.2% (2022 est.)

Exports of goods and services: 197.4% (2022 est.)

Imports of goods and services: -173% (2022 est.)

Note: Figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Germany 24%, Italy 13%, Netherlands 9%, Spain 9%, Poland 8% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Germany 12%, Austria 10%, USA 9%, Romania 8%, Brazil 7% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
1.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

$836.088 million (2023 est.)
$716.066 million (2022 est.)
$954.383 million (2021 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

103.2% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: central government debt as a % of GDP

17.8% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

$2.393 billion (2022 est.)
$2.218 billion (2021 est.)
$1.947 billion (2020 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

1.2% (2024 est.)
5.9% (2023 est.)
5.3% (2022 est.)

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

$284.256 million (2022 est.)
$100.118 million (2021 est.)
$42.98 million (2020 est.)

Note: Balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$70,900 (2022 est.)
$64,700 (2021 est.)
$56,000 (2020 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

$3.169 billion (2022 est.)
$2.94 billion (2021 est.)
$2.232 billion (2020 est.)

Note: Balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

$3.616 billion (2022 est.)
$3.23 billion (2021 est.)
$2.439 billion (2020 est.)

Note: Balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

7.9% (2022 est.)
13.9% (2021 est.)
-6.6% (2020 est.)

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

10.7% (2022 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Agriculture: 0% (2022 est.)

Industry: 37.6% (2022 est.)

Services: 55.1% (2022 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)

.sm

state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2019)

Total subscriptions: 41,000 (2022 est.)

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 122 (2022 est.)

Total: 12,000 (2022 est.)

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2022 est.)

Total subscriptions: 16,000 (2022 est.)

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2022 est.)

T7

1 (2025)

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to serve in the military (2024)

San Marino Military Corps (Corpi Militari Sammarinesi; aka Sammarinese Armed Forces or Forze Armate Sammarinesi): Fortress Guard Command (or Guard of the Rock), Uniformed Company of the Militias, Guard of the Great and General Council, Corps of the Gendarmerie

Ministry of Internal Affairs: Civil Police Corps (2025)

defense is the responsibility of Italy