Czechia

At the close of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia, a parliamentarian democracy. During the interwar years, having rejected a federal system, the new country's predominantly Czech leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the increasingly strident demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Slovaks, the Sudeten Germans, and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). On the eve of World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the territory that today comprises Czechia, and Slovakia became an independent state allied with Germany. After the war, a reunited but truncated Czechoslovakia (less Ruthenia) fell within the Soviet sphere of influence when the pro-Soviet Communist party staged a coup in February 1948. In 1968, an invasion by fellow Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful "Velvet Revolution" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. The country formally added the short-form name Czechia in 2016, while also continuing to use the full form name, the Czech Republic.

49 45 N, 15 30 E

flooding

about two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than South Carolina

air and water pollution (including acid rain) in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava; pollution from industry, mining, and agriculture

Party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling

Signed, but not ratified: None of the selected agreements

temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

0 km (landlocked)

Total: 2,046 km

Border countries (4): Austria 402 km; Germany 704 km; Poland 699 km; Slovakia 241 km

Agricultural land: 45.8% (2023 est.)

Arable land: 32.7% (2023 est.)

Permanent crops: 0.5% (2023 est.)

Permanent pasture: 12.5% (2023 est.)

Forest: 38.2% (2023 est.)

Other: 16% (2023 est.)

none (landlocked)

hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, arable land

Note 1: Landlocked; strategically located on some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe

Note 2: The Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed freshwater cave at 519 m (1,703 ft); its survey is not complete, and it may be up to 800-1,200 m (2,625-3,937 ft) deep

Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country

Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria

Europe

220 sq km (2022)

13.15 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations

Highest point: Snezka 1,602 m

Lowest point: Labe (Elbe) River 115 m

Mean elevation: 433 m

Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

Labe (Elbe) river source (shared with Germany [m]) - 1,252 km

Note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Total : 78,867 sq km

Land: 77,247 sq km

Water: 1,620 sq km

0-14 years: 15.7% (male 871,303/female 826,896)

15-64 years: 63.8% (male 3,542,298/female 3,373,127)

65 years and over: 20.5% (2024 est.) (male 922,136/female 1,302,130)

At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female

Total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Noun: Czech(s)

Adjective: Czech

Total: 17 years (2022 est.)

Male: 16 years (2022 est.)

Female: 18 years (2022 est.)

Urban population: 74.6% of total population (2023)

Rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Improved:

Urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)

Rural: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved:

Urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

Rural: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)

1.323 million PRAGUE (capital) (2023)

4.35 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

6.6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

28.5 years (2020 est.)

Total dependency ratio: 56.7 (2024 est.)

Youth dependency ratio: 24.6 (2024 est.)

Elderly dependency ratio: 32.2 (2024 est.)

Potential support ratio: 3.1 (2024 est.)

Improved:

Urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 100% of population (2022 est.)

Unimproved:

Urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Czech 57.3%, Moravian 3.4%, other 7.7%, unspecified 31.6% (2021 est.)

Note: Includes only persons with one ethnicity

Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffiliated with a religious society 9.1%, none 47.8%, unspecified 30.1% (2021 est.)

Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.)

Major-language sample(s):
World Factbook, nepostradatelný zdroj základních informací. (Czech)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Note: Includes only persons with one mother tongue

9.5% of GDP (2021)

16.7% of national budget (2022 est.)

0.85 (2024 est.)

53.7% (2021 est.)

Total: 8.4% (2024 est.)

Male: 8.2% (2024 est.)

Female: 8.6% (2024 est.)

note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

2.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Total: 44.2 years (2024 est.)

Male: 42.7 years

Female: 45.7 years

3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

1.73 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Total: 10,837,890 (2024 est.)

Male: 5,335,737

Female: 5,502,153

Total: 2.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)

Male: 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births

Female: 2.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Total: 26.8% (2025 est.)

Male: 30.8% (2025 est.)

Female: 23% (2025 est.)

26% (2016)

12 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

9.8 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Total: 12.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Beer: 6.77 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Wine: 2.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Spirits: 3.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Total population: 78.6 years (2024 est.)

Male: 75.6 years

Female: 81.8 years

4.3% of GDP (2022 est.)

10% national budget (2022 est.)

0.04% (2024 est.)

Municipal: 626 million cubic meters (2022)

Industrial: 776 million cubic meters (2022)

Agricultural: 44 million cubic meters (2022)

Municipal solid waste generated annually: 5.335 million tons (2024 est.)

Percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 37.3% (2022 est.)

15 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

79.901 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From coal and metallurgical coke: 41.667 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From petroleum and other liquids: 25.707 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

From consumed natural gas: 12.527 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

136.306 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Chief of mission: Ambassador Nicholas MERRICK (since 23 October 2025)

Embassy: Trziste 15, 118 01 Praha 1 - Mala Strana

Mailing address: 5630 Prague Place, Washington DC  20521-5630

Telephone: [420] 257-022-000

FAX: [420] 257-022-809

Email address and website:
ACSPrg@state.gov

https://cz.usembassy.gov/

13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky (Karlovy Vary), Kralovehradecky (Hradec Kralove), Liberecky (Liberec), Moravskoslezsky (Moravia-Silesia), Olomoucky (Olomouc), Pardubicky (Pardubice), Plzensky (Pilsen), Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky (Central Bohemia), Ustecky (Usti), Vysocina (Highlands), Zlinsky (Zlin)

Name: Prague

Geographic coordinates: 50 05 N, 14 28 E

Time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Etymology: The name may derive from the old Slavic word "praga" or "prah," meaning "threshold;" it could also be related to the same Slavic root word as the modern Czech "pražiti," a term for woodland cleared by burning

History: Previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993

Amendment process: Passage requires at least three-fifths concurrence of members present in both houses of Parliament

Chief of state: President Petr PAVEL (since 9 March 2023)

Head of government: Prime Minister Andrej BABIS (since 9 December 2025)

Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister

Election/appointment process: President directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); prime minister appointed by the president for a 4-year term

Most recent election date: 13-14 January 2023, with a second round on 27-28 January 2023

Election results:
2023: Petr PAVEL elected in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Petr PAVEL (independent) 35.4%, Andrej BABIS (ANO) 35%, Danuse NERUDOVA (Mayors and Independents) 13.9%, Pavel FISCHER (independent) 6.8%; percent of vote in the second round - Petr PAVEL 58.3%, Andrej BABIS 41.6%

2018: Milos ZEMAN reelected president in the second round; percent of vote - Milos ZEMAN (SPO) 51.4%, Jiri DRAHOS (independent) 48.6%

Expected date of next election: By January 2028

Description: Two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the left side

Note: Combines the white and red of Bohemia with blue from the arms of Moravia; identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia

1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

Note: although 1 January is the day the Czech Republic came into being, the Czechs commemorate 28 October 1918, the day the former Czechoslovakia declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as their independence day

Highest court(s): Supreme Court (organized into Civil Law and Commercial Division, and Criminal Division each with a court chief justice, vice justice, and several judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 justices); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 36 judges, including the court president and vice president, and organized into 6-, 7-, and 9-member chambers)

Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges proposed by the Chamber of Deputies and appointed by the president; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; judges appointed for 10-year, renewable terms; Supreme Administrative Court judges selected by the president of the Court; unlimited terms

Subordinate courts: High Court; regional and district courts

new civil code enacted in 2014, replacing civil code of 1964 based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory 

Legislature name: Parliament (Parlament)

Legislative structure: Bicameral

Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Czechoslovak Founding Day, 28 October (1918)

Action of Dissatisfied Citizens or ANO (Akce nespokojených občanů)
Christian and Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-ČSL
Civic Democratic Party or ODS
Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSČM
Czech Pirate Party or Piráti
ForMOST or ProMOST
Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD
Independents or NEZ
Mayors and Independents or STAN
Mayors for the Liberec Region or SLK
Přísaha
Senator 21 or SEN 21
Social Democracy SOCDEM
Svobodni
Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09
Tábor 2020 or T2020
United Democrats - Association of Independents or SD-SN

18 years of age; universal

parliamentary republic

Conventional long form: Czech Republic

Conventional short form: Czechia

Local long form: Ceska republika

Local short form: Cesko

Etymology: Name derives from the Czechs, a West Slavic tribe who rose to prominence in the late 9th century A.D.; the tribal name is said to come from an ancestral chief

Chief of mission: Ambassador Miloslav STAŠEK (since 16 September 2022)

Chancery: 3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008-3803

Telephone: [1] (202) 274-9100

FAX: [1] (202) 966-8540

Email address and website:
Washington@embassy.mzv.cz

https://www.mzv.cz/washington/

Consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

Title: "Kde domov muj?" (Where is My Home?)

Lyrics/music: Josef Kajetan TYL/Frantisek Jan SKROUP

History: Adopted 1993; the anthem was originally written as incidental music for the play "Fidlovacka" (1834), but it soon became popular as an unofficial anthem of the Czech nation; its first verse served as the official Czechoslovak anthem beginning in 1918, and the second verse (Slovak) was dropped after Czechoslovakia was dissolved in 1993

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

silver (or white) double-tailed rampant lion

Citizenship by birth: No

Citizenship by descent only: At least one parent must be a citizen of Czechia

Dual citizenship recognized: No

Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Total World Heritage Sites: 17 (16 cultural, 1 natural)

Selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic Prague (c); Historic Telč (c); Historic Český Krumlov (c); Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape (c); Historic Kutná Hora (c); Holy Trinity Column, Olomouc (c); Karlovy Vary Spa (c); Zatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops; Žatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops (n)

white, red, blue

10.2% (2021 est.)

note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Lowest 10%: 3.8% (2022 est.)

Highest 10%: 21.8% (2022 est.)

note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

cars, vehicle parts/accessories, broadcasting equipment, computers, plastic products (2023)

note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Germany 29%, Slovakia 7%, Poland 6%, France 5%, UK 5% (2023)

note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

wheat, sugar beets, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, maize, triticale, pork, chicken (2023)

note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Revenues: $94.01 billion (2022 est.)

Expenditures: $106.07 billion (2022 est.)

note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

broadcasting equipment, vehicle parts/accessories, cars, plastic products, computers (2023)

note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

koruny (CZK) per US dollar -

Exchange rates:
23.217 (2024 est.)
22.198 (2023 est.)
23.357 (2022 est.)
21.678 (2021 est.)
23.21 (2020 est.)

motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments

$345.037 billion (2024 est.)

note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

Household consumption: 44% (2023 est.)

Government consumption: 19.7% (2023 est.)

Investment in fixed capital: 27.3% (2023 est.)

Investment in inventories: 0.7% (2023 est.)

Exports of goods and services: 69% (2023 est.)

Imports of goods and services: -64% (2023 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Germany 22%, China 17%, Poland 8%, Slovakia 5%, Italy 4% (2023)

note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

On food: 15.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

On alcohol and tobacco: 7.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
1.4% of GDP (2022 est.)

note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

5.541 million (2024 est.)

note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

$146.281 billion (2024 est.)
$148.379 billion (2023 est.)
$139.981 billion (2022 est.)

note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

2.6% (2024 est.)
2.6% (2023 est.)
2.3% (2022 est.)

note: % of labor force seeking employment

12.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.)

note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

$521.928 billion (2024 est.)
$516.145 billion (2023 est.)
$516.431 billion (2022 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

2.4% (2024 est.)
10.7% (2023 est.)
15.1% (2022 est.)

note: annual % change based on consumer prices

$6.047 billion (2024 est.)
-$432.727 million (2023 est.)
-$13.644 billion (2022 est.)

note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

$48,000 (2024 est.)
$47,500 (2023 est.)
$48,400 (2022 est.)

note: data in 2021 dollars

$216.741 billion (2024 est.)
$219.09 billion (2023 est.)
$216.042 billion (2022 est.)

note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

$239.259 billion (2024 est.)
$236.103 billion (2023 est.)
$219.419 billion (2022 est.)

note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

1.1% (2024 est.)
-0.1% (2023 est.)
2.8% (2022 est.)

note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

-1% (2024 est.)

note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Agriculture: 1.5% (2024 est.)

Industry: 30.2% (2024 est.)

Services: 59.5% (2024 est.)

note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Production: 31.946 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Consumption: 33.239 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Exports: 2.128 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Imports: 4.09 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Proven reserves: 3.595 billion metric tons (2023 est.)

Fossil fuels: 45.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Nuclear: 40.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Solar: 4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Wind: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Hydroelectricity: 2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Biomass and waste: 7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Production: 163.333 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Consumption: 6.499 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Imports: 6.812 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Proven reserves: 3.964 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Total petroleum production: 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

Refined petroleum consumption: 219,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

Crude oil estimated reserves: 15 million barrels (2021 est.)

Installed generating capacity: 21.802 million kW (2023 est.)

Consumption: 63.628 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Exports: 22.648 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Imports: 13.465 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Transmission/distribution losses: 3.012 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Percent of population: 86% (2023 est.)

.cz

22 national TV stations, with 17 privately owned; publicly operated Czech Television has 5 national channels; over 350 TV channels, many through cable, satellite, and IPTV subscription services; 63 radio broadcasters operate over 80 radio stations, including 7 multiregional radio stations or networks; publicly owned broadcaster Czech Radio operates 4 national, 14 regional, and 4 Internet stations; both Czech Radio and Czech Television are partly financed through a license fee (2019)

Total subscriptions: 13.6 million (2023 est.)

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 128 (2022 est.)

Total: 4.1 million (2023 est.)

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (2023 est.)

Total subscriptions: 1.197 million (2023 est.)

Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2023 est.)

Total: 9,548 km (2020) 3,242 km electrified

OK

252 (2025)

107 (2025)

18-28 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished 2004 (2024)

Note: As of 2023, women comprised nearly 14% of the military's full-time personnel

2% of GDP (2025 est.)
2.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
1.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

Czech Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Force, Special Forces (2025)

Also has Cyber Command, Territorial Command, Operations Command, plus commands for Land Forces and Air Forces

the Czech military is responsible for national and territorial defense, assisting civil authorities during natural disasters or other emergencies, boosting border security alongside the police, participating in international peacekeeping operations, and supporting its collective security commitments to the EU and NATO, both of which Czechia considers pillars of its national security strategy; Czechia is a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, contributes to UN peacekeeping operations, and actively participates in EU military and security missions under the EU Common Security and Defense Policy; the Czech military has been an active member of NATO since the country joined in 2009 and participates in a variety of NATO’s collective defense missions, including contributing to the Enhanced Forward Presence in Eastern Europe, Baltic Air Policing operations, rapid response forces, and operations in Kosovo; it also exercises regularly with NATO partners and maintains close bilateral ties to a number of militaries particularly partner members of the Visegrad Group (Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) and Germany

The military has commands for its land, air, cyber/information operations, and territorial forces, as well as a joint operations command and a separate special forces directorate; the Territorial Command is responsible for the active reserves and regional military commands that align with each of Czechia’s 13 regions and the capital, Prague (2025)

up to 130 Lithuania (NATO); 130 Slovakia (NATO) (2024)

approximately 30,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)

the Czech military has a mix of domestically produced, Soviet-era, and more recently acquired modern weapons and equipment from such suppliers as France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the US; its domestic defense industry produces such items as armored combat vehicles and light attack aircraft (2025)

Note 1: In 2019, Czechia announced a modernization plan to acquire more Western equipment that was compliant with NATO standards, including armored vehicles, fighter aircraft, and helicopters

Note 2: During the Cold War, Czechoslovakia was a major producer of armored personnel carriers, military trucks, tanks, and trainer aircraft

Refugees: 392,198 (2024 est.)

IDPs: 5 (2024 est.)

Stateless persons: 588 (2024 est.)

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 6 (2025)

Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 3.96GW (2025 est.)

Percent of total electricity production: 40% (2023 est.)

Total global geoparks and regional networks: 1

Global geoparks and regional networks: Bohemian Paradise (2023)

Chamber name: Chamber of Deputies (Poslanecka Snemovna)

Number of seats: 200 (all directly elected)

Electoral system: Proportional representation

Scope of elections: Full renewal

Term in office: 4 years

Most recent election date: 10/3/2025 to 10/4/2025

Parties elected and seats per party: ANO (80); SPOLU (52); Mayors and independents (STAN) (22); Czech Pirate Party (18); Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) (15); Motoristé sobě (AUTO) (13)

Percentage of women in chamber: 33.5%

Expected date of next election: October 2029

Chamber name: Senate (Senat)

Number of seats: 81 (all directly elected)

Electoral system: Plurality/majority

Scope of elections: Partial renewal

Term in office: 6 years

Most recent election date: 9/20/2024 to 9/28/2024

Parties elected and seats per party: Civic Democratic Party (ODS) (8); Christian Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU - CSL) (7); TOP 09 (3); ANO 2011 (3); Independents (2); Other (4)

Percentage of women in chamber: 21.3%

Expected date of next election: September 2026

25.9 (2022 est.)

note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality